What is a Broviac Line?
A
Broviac line is a type of central venous catheter designed for long-term use, primarily in
pediatric patients undergoing cancer treatment. It is a flexible tube inserted into a large vein, typically in the chest, allowing for easy access to the bloodstream. This device facilitates the administration of
chemotherapy, nutritional support, and other medications, as well as the collection of blood samples.
Why is a Broviac Line Used in Cancer Treatment?
Cancer treatments often require frequent and prolonged access to the circulatory system. The
Broviac line minimizes the need for repeated needle sticks, which can be painful and distressing, especially for
children. It also reduces the risk of infection compared to peripheral IVs, making it a safer option for
immunocompromised patients.
How is a Broviac Line Inserted?
The insertion of a Broviac line is a surgical procedure performed under local or general anesthesia. A small incision is made in the skin, and the catheter is threaded through a vein until it reaches a large central vein near the heart. The other end of the catheter is tunneled under the skin to an exit site where it is secured and covered with a sterile dressing. This approach helps reduce the risk of infection and ensures the line remains securely in place. What are the Care and Maintenance Requirements?
Caring for a Broviac line involves regular cleaning and flushing to prevent blockages and
infections. The exit site must be kept clean and dry, and the dressing should be changed regularly according to the healthcare provider’s instructions.
Parents and caregivers are usually trained in these procedures to maintain the line's functionality and reduce complications.
What are the Potential Complications?
While a Broviac line is generally safe, there are potential complications, including
infection, clotting, or dislodgement of the catheter. Signs of infection include redness, swelling, or discharge at the site, as well as fever or chills. If any of these symptoms occur, it is crucial to contact a healthcare provider immediately. Regular monitoring and proper care can help minimize these risks.
How Long Can a Broviac Line Stay In?
The duration for which a Broviac line can remain in place varies depending on the patient’s treatment plan and overall health. Some lines are used for several months, while others may remain for years. The decision to remove the line is typically based on the completion of treatment or if complications arise. What Alternatives Exist?
Alternatives to a Broviac line include
PICC lines and
Port-a-Cath devices. A PICC line is less invasive but may not be suitable for all patients, especially those requiring long-term access. A Port-a-Cath is implanted under the skin and tends to be more discreet, but requires accessing with a special needle. The choice of device depends on the specific needs of the patient, as well as their
lifestyle and preferences.
Conclusion
In the context of cancer treatment, a Broviac line offers a reliable means of managing complex therapies and improving the quality of life for
patients, particularly children. Understanding its purpose, care requirements, and potential complications is essential for patients and caregivers to maximize its benefits and minimize risks.
