How does chemotherapy work?
Chemotherapy involves the use of powerful drugs to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells. These drugs can be administered orally, intravenously, or through other routes. Chemotherapy targets not only cancer cells but also affects healthy cells that divide quickly, leading to side effects such as hair loss, nausea, and fatigue. It is commonly used in conjunction with other treatment modalities like surgery and radiation.
What role does radiation therapy play in cancer treatment?
Radiation therapy uses high-energy particles or waves, such as X-rays, gamma rays, or proton beams, to destroy or damage cancer cells. By targeting the DNA within these cells, radiation therapy disrupts their ability to reproduce. It is often used to shrink tumors before surgery, eliminate remaining cancer cells post-surgery, or alleviate symptoms in advanced cancer stages.
Can you explain targeted therapy?
Targeted therapy involves drugs designed to target specific molecules involved in cancer cell growth and survival. Unlike chemotherapy, which affects both cancerous and healthy cells, targeted therapies aim at cancer-specific pathways, reducing collateral damage to healthy tissues. Examples include
tyrosine kinase inhibitors and
monoclonal antibodies. These therapies are often used for cancers with known genetic mutations.
How are clinical trials important in cancer treatment?
Clinical trials are essential for advancing cancer treatment. They test new drugs, combinations of treatments, and innovative approaches in a controlled setting. Participation in clinical trials can provide patients with access to cutting-edge therapies that are not yet widely available. These trials also help researchers understand the efficacy and safety of new treatments, leading to potential breakthroughs in cancer care.
What advancements have been made in personalized medicine for cancer?
Personalized medicine tailors treatment plans based on the genetic makeup of a patient's tumor. Techniques like
genomic sequencing identify specific mutations and biomarkers that can be targeted with precision therapies. This approach increases the likelihood of treatment success and minimizes side effects by focusing on the individual characteristics of each cancer.
How do multidisciplinary teams contribute to cancer treatment?
Cancer treatment often involves a
multidisciplinary team of specialists, including oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, and supportive care providers. This collaborative approach ensures comprehensive care, addressing all aspects of the patient's health and improving overall outcomes. Regular meetings and communication among team members facilitate coordinated and effective treatment plans.
