Diesel Exhaust - Cancer Science

What is Diesel Exhaust?

Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of gases and fine particles produced when diesel fuel is burned. It contains a variety of harmful substances, including nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter, which are known to have adverse health effects.

How is Diesel Exhaust Linked to Cancer?

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies diesel exhaust as a Group 1 carcinogen, indicating that there is sufficient evidence of its carcinogenicity in humans. Studies have shown that prolonged exposure to diesel exhaust can increase the risk of lung cancer as well as bladder cancer.

What Are the Mechanisms Behind Diesel Exhaust-Induced Cancer?

Diesel exhaust contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are known to be genotoxic, meaning they can damage DNA. Additionally, the fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in diesel exhaust can cause oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, leading to cell damage and potentially to cancer.

Who is at Risk?

Individuals who are regularly exposed to diesel exhaust are at higher risk for developing cancer. This includes occupational groups such as truck drivers, miners, railroad workers, and heavy machinery operators. Moreover, people living near high-traffic areas where diesel engines are prevalent may also be exposed to higher levels of diesel exhaust.

How Can Exposure Be Reduced?

Reducing exposure to diesel exhaust can help mitigate the risk of cancer. Measures include using cleaner diesel technologies, employing emission control systems like diesel particulate filters and catalytic converters, and adopting alternative fuels such as natural gas or electric vehicles. Ensuring proper ventilation in occupational settings and wearing protective equipment can also help reduce exposure.

What Research is Being Done?

Ongoing research aims to better understand the exact mechanisms of how diesel exhaust contributes to cancer and to develop more effective strategies for reducing exposure. Studies are focusing on the long-term health impacts of diesel exhaust, the efficacy of new technologies in reducing emissions, and public health policies for mitigating risks.

What Can Individuals Do?

Individuals can take steps to reduce their exposure to diesel exhaust by avoiding areas with heavy diesel traffic, using air purifiers in their homes, and advocating for cleaner transportation options in their communities. Staying informed about the risks associated with diesel exhaust and supporting policies that aim to reduce emissions can also contribute to broader public health efforts.

Relevant Publications

Low-vacuum SEM imaging and viability test of L929 cells exposed to a Euro 6 diesel exhaust gas mixture in a BAT-CELL chamber in comparison with hydrocarbons emission.

Issue Release: 2024

Controlled human exposures to diesel exhaust or particle-depleted diesel exhaust with allergen modulates transcriptomic responses in the lung.

Issue Release: 2024

Whole-body exposure to filtered fraction of diesel exhaust induced localized testicular damage through attenuated functional response of Glutathione-S-Transferase in adult male Wistar rats.

Issue Release: 2024

Particulate matter constituents trigger the formation of extracellular amyloid β and Tau -containing plaques and neurite shortening .

Issue Release: 2024

Emission characteristic, spatial distribution, and health risk of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs, NPAHs, and OPAHs) from light-duty gasoline and diesel vehicles based on on-road measurements.

Issue Release: 2024

Heteroatom Doping in Pollutant Diesel Soot-Derived Nanocarbon for Enhanced Zn-Ion Storage Performance.

Issue Release: 2024

Lipid Dysregulation Induced by Gasoline and Diesel Exhaust Exposure and the Interaction with Age.

Issue Release: 2024

Emission Spectroscopy-Based Sensor System to Correlate the In-Cylinder Combustion Temperature of a Diesel Engine to NO Emissions.

Issue Release: 2024

Non-allergic eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness induced by diesel engine exhaust through activating ILCs.

Issue Release: 2024

Narrative review of occupational exposures and noncommunicable diseases.

Issue Release: 2024

Direct reduction of NO into N catalyzed by fullerene-supported rhodium clusters.

Issue Release: 2024

Palliative effects of carnosol on lung-deposited pollutant particles-induced thrombogenicity and vascular injury in mice.

Issue Release: 2024

Real-world greenhouse gas emission characteristics from in-use light-duty diesel trucks in China.

Issue Release: 2024

Role of diesel exhaust particle-induced cellular senescence in the development of asthma in young and old mice.

Issue Release: 2024

Effect of diesel exhaust particles on RANK/RANKL expression in in vivo and in vitro models of middle ear inflammation.

Issue Release: 2024

Subacute Exposure to Gaseous Pollutants from Diesel Engine Exhaust Attenuates Capsaicin-Induced Cardio-Pulmonary Reflex Responses Involving Oxidant Stress Mechanisms in Adult Wistar Rats.

Issue Release: 2024

Inter-annual trends of ultrafine particles in urban Europe.

Issue Release: 2024

Epithelial MAPK signaling directs endothelial NRF2 signaling and IL-8 secretion in a tri-culture model of the alveolar-microvascular interface following diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) exposure.

Issue Release: 2024

Engineering a PtCu Alloy to Improve N Selectivity of NH-SCO over the Pt/SSZ-13 Catalyst.

Issue Release: 2024

Cu-OFF/ERI Zeolite: Intergrowth Structure Synergistically Boosting Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH.

Issue Release: 2024

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