What is FTC in Cancer?
FTC, or Follicular Thyroid Cancer, is a type of cancer that originates in the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. These cells are responsible for producing and storing thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism. FTC is the second most common type of thyroid cancer, following Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC).What Causes FTC?
The exact cause of FTC remains unknown, but several risk factors have been identified. These include genetic factors, exposure to radiation, and certain dietary deficiencies such as low iodine intake. Mutations in specific genes, such as RAS, have also been linked to the development of FTC.Symptoms of FTC
FTC often presents with a painless lump in the neck. Other symptoms may include difficulty swallowing, a hoarse voice, and persistent cough. In advanced cases, symptoms such as weight loss and fatigue may occur.Diagnosis of FTC
The diagnosis of FTC typically involves multiple steps. Initially, a [physical examination] and [ultrasound] are performed to assess the thyroid gland. If a suspicious nodule is found, a [fine-needle aspiration biopsy] is conducted to obtain a tissue sample for microscopic examination. Additional imaging tests, such as [CT scans] or MRI, may be necessary to determine the extent of the disease.Treatment Options for FTC
The primary treatment for FTC is surgical removal of the thyroid gland, known as a [thyroidectomy]. Depending on the extent of the disease, either a partial or total thyroidectomy may be performed. Following surgery, [radioactive iodine therapy] is often used to eliminate any remaining cancer cells. In some cases, external beam radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be required.Prognosis and Survival Rates
The prognosis for individuals with FTC varies based on the stage of the cancer at diagnosis. Early-stage FTC has a high survival rate, with over 90% of patients surviving beyond 10 years. However, the prognosis worsens for advanced-stage FTC, especially if the cancer has spread to distant organs.Living with FTC
Living with FTC can be challenging, but many patients lead normal lives following treatment. Lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy is usually necessary after a thyroidectomy. Regular follow-up appointments and monitoring of thyroid hormone levels are essential to ensure long-term health and detect any recurrence of the cancer.Research and Advances
Ongoing research is crucial for improving the understanding and treatment of FTC. Recent advances include the development of targeted therapies that focus on specific genetic mutations associated with FTC. Clinical trials are also exploring new combinations of treatments to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects.Support and Resources
Support from healthcare professionals, family, and friends is vital for individuals diagnosed with FTC. Numerous organizations provide resources, such as the American Cancer Society and ThyCa: Thyroid Cancer Survivors' Association, offering information, support groups, and educational materials.
