What is Genomic Information?
Genomic information refers to the complete set of DNA, including all of its genes, in an organism. In humans, this includes about 3 billion DNA base pairs. The study of genomic information can help us understand the
genome and how it influences health and disease, including
cancer.
How Does Cancer Affect Genomic Information?
Cancer is fundamentally a disease of the genome. It occurs when
mutations accumulate in the DNA of cells, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and division. These mutations can be caused by various factors, including
carcinogens, inherited genetic defects, and errors during cell division.
Oncogenes: These are mutated forms of genes that normally help cells grow. When these genes are mutated, they can lead to uncontrolled cell growth.
Tumor suppressor genes: These genes typically control cell growth and division. When they are inactivated by mutations, cells can grow uncontrollably.
DNA repair genes: Mutations in these genes can prevent the repair of other gene mutations, leading to cancer development.
How Can Genomic Information Predict Cancer Risk?
Genomic information can be used to predict an individual's risk of developing cancer. For instance, mutations in the
BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with a higher risk of breast and ovarian cancers. Genetic testing for these mutations can help identify individuals at higher risk, enabling proactive monitoring and preventive measures.
Data interpretation: Understanding which mutations are significant and how they affect cancer progression can be complex.
Accessibility: Not all patients have access to genomic testing and the targeted treatments it may suggest.
Privacy and ethical concerns: The handling and sharing of genetic information must be managed carefully to protect patient privacy.
