What is Leukocytosis?
Leukocytosis is a condition characterized by an elevated number of
white blood cells (WBCs) in the bloodstream. Typically, a normal WBC count ranges from 4,000 to 11,000 cells per microliter of blood. When the count exceeds this range, it is termed leukocytosis. This condition can be indicative of various underlying health issues, including infections, inflammatory diseases, and cancers.
How is Leukocytosis Related to Cancer?
In the context of
cancer, leukocytosis can occur due to several reasons. Certain cancers, particularly hematologic cancers like
leukemia and
lymphoma, directly affect the production and function of white blood cells. Solid tumors can also cause leukocytosis through the production of growth factors or cytokines that stimulate WBC production. Additionally,
inflammation and infection secondary to cancer can contribute to elevated WBC counts.
Leukemia: This is a type of blood cancer that originates in the bone marrow and leads to the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.
Lymphoma: This cancer affects the lymphatic system and can result in increased WBC counts.
Lung cancer: Certain types of lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, can cause leukocytosis.
Renal cell carcinoma: This kidney cancer is another solid tumor known to be associated with leukocytosis.
In cases where leukocytosis is due to cancer, patients may also experience symptoms related to the specific type of cancer, such as weight loss, night sweats, and swollen lymph nodes.
How is Leukocytosis Diagnosed in Cancer Patients?
Diagnosing leukocytosis involves several steps. Initially, a complete blood count (
CBC) test is performed to measure WBC levels. If elevated levels are detected, further tests may be conducted to determine the underlying cause. These tests may include:
Bone marrow biopsy: To check for abnormalities in blood cell production.
Imaging studies: Such as CT scans or MRIs to identify tumors or other abnormalities.
Flow cytometry: To analyze cell types and identify specific subtypes of white blood cells.
For solid tumors causing leukocytosis, treatment focuses on the primary cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these modalities. Additionally, supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications is crucial.
What is the Prognosis for Cancer Patients with Leukocytosis?
The prognosis for cancer patients with leukocytosis varies widely and depends on several factors, including the type and stage of cancer, the patient’s overall health, and how well the cancer responds to treatment. In some cases, leukocytosis may be a marker of aggressive disease and can be associated with a poorer prognosis. However, effective treatment of the underlying cancer can lead to a resolution of leukocytosis and improvement in overall outcomes.
