Moles and Warts - Cancer Science

What are Moles and Warts?

Moles and warts are common skin growths. Moles, also known as nevi, are usually brown or black and can appear anywhere on the skin. They are generally benign and result from clusters of pigmented cells. Warts, on the other hand, are caused by a viral infection from the human papillomavirus (HPV) and often appear as rough, skin-colored growths.

Are Moles and Warts Cancerous?

Most moles are benign, but some can develop into melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer. It's crucial to monitor moles for changes in size, shape, or color. Warts are generally non-cancerous growths caused by HPV. However, certain strains of HPV are associated with an increased risk of cancers, particularly cervical cancer.

How Can You Tell if a Mole is Cancerous?

The ABCDE rule is a helpful guideline:
- Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn't match the other.
- Border: Irregular, scalloped, or poorly defined edges.
- Color: Varied shades of brown, black, or other colors.
- Diameter: Larger than 6mm (about the size of a pencil eraser).
- Evolving: Any change in size, shape, color, or elevation.

If a mole shows any of these characteristics, consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.

Can Warts Turn Cancerous?

While common warts caused by HPV are usually benign, certain types of HPV are known to cause cancers. For example, HPV types 16 and 18 are high-risk strains linked to cervical cancer and other genital cancers. It's essential to be aware of the types of warts and their locations to assess risk accurately.

What Should You Do if You Notice Changes in Moles or Warts?

If you observe any changes in moles or warts, such as changes in size, shape, color, or if they become itchy, painful, or start bleeding, seek medical advice. A dermatologist can perform a biopsy to determine if the growth is benign or malignant.

How Are Cancerous Moles Treated?

If a mole is diagnosed as cancerous, the primary treatment is surgical removal. Depending on the stage and spread of the melanoma, additional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy may be required.

Preventive Measures

- Sun Protection: Use broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, wear protective clothing, and avoid peak sun hours to reduce the risk of skin cancer.
- Vaccination: The HPV vaccine can protect against the high-risk strains of HPV that are linked to cervical and other cancers.
- Regular Check-ups: Routine skin examinations by a healthcare professional can help in early detection and treatment of suspicious moles.

Conclusion

Moles and warts are typically benign skin growths, but they require attention due to their potential to develop into cancerous forms. Understanding the characteristics of cancerous moles and being aware of the risks associated with certain types of HPV can help in early detection and treatment. Always consult a healthcare professional if you notice any concerning changes in your skin.