What is Neurosurgery?
Neurosurgery refers to the medical specialty focused on the surgical treatment of disorders affecting the nervous system, including the brain, spine, and peripheral nerves. In the context of
cancer, neurosurgery often involves the removal or biopsy of
brain tumors, spinal cord tumors, and management of metastatic disease.
When is Neurosurgery Recommended for Cancer Patients?
Neurosurgery is typically recommended for cancer patients when a tumor is causing significant symptoms, such as neurological deficits, pain, or when it poses an immediate threat to life. It may also be utilized to obtain a tissue diagnosis via biopsy, which is crucial for guiding
treatment plans. In cases of
metastatic brain disease, surgery may be considered to alleviate symptoms or improve the patient’s quality of life.
Remove as much of the tumor as possible (also known as
debulking).
Obtain a tissue sample for histological diagnosis.
Alleviate symptoms caused by the tumor, such as pressure on the brain or spinal cord.
Improve
quality of life for patients.
Infection
Bleeding
Neurological deficits, such as weakness or speech difficulties
Seizures
Cerebrospinal fluid leak
Complications related to anesthesia
The specific risks vary based on the tumor's location and the patient's overall medical condition.
Intraoperative MRI and CT scanning for real-time imaging during surgery.
Neuronavigation systems to guide precise tumor removal.
Stereotactic surgery techniques for minimally invasive biopsy or treatment.
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring to protect critical brain functions.
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for minimally invasive treatment of tumors.
Intensive care unit (ICU) monitoring immediately after surgery.
Pain management and wound care.
Rehabilitation services, including physical, occupational, and speech therapy.
Regular follow-up visits for monitoring and managing any complications.
Adjuvant therapies, such as
radiation therapy or
chemotherapy, depending on the tumor type and surgical outcome.
What is the Prognosis After Neurosurgery for Cancer?
The prognosis after neurosurgery for cancer varies widely based on several factors, including the type of tumor, its location, the extent of surgical resection, and the patient’s overall health. While neurosurgery can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life, it is often part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes other modalities such as radiation and chemotherapy.
