What are Pharmacological Treatments?
Pharmacological treatments for cancer involve the use of drugs to destroy or inhibit the growth of cancer cells. These treatments can be administered orally, intravenously, or through other routes depending on the type and stage of cancer.
Types of Pharmacological Treatments
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy involves the use of chemical substances to kill rapidly dividing cells. It is often used for various types of cancer, either alone or in combination with other treatments. Common side effects include nausea, hair loss, and fatigue. Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target cancer cells while sparing normal cells. These drugs act on specific molecular targets associated with cancer. For example,
HER2 inhibitors are used in certain breast cancers that overexpress the HER2 protein.
Hormonal Therapy
Hormonal therapy is used primarily for cancers that are driven by hormones, such as breast and prostate cancer. These treatments either lower the levels of hormones in the body or block their effects on cancer cells. Drugs like
tamoxifen and
aromatase inhibitors are commonly used in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy leverages the body's immune system to fight cancer. It includes treatments like
checkpoint inhibitors and
CAR-T cell therapy. These therapies enhance the immune response against cancer cells, offering a promising approach for various cancers, including melanoma and lung cancer.
How Are These Treatments Administered?
The administration of pharmacological treatments depends on several factors, including the type of cancer, its stage, and the overall health of the patient. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are often given intravenously, while hormonal therapies are usually taken orally.
What Are the Side Effects?
Side effects vary depending on the type of treatment. Chemotherapy can cause nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and fatigue. Targeted therapies might cause skin rashes, diarrhea, and liver issues. Hormonal therapies can lead to hot flashes, mood swings, and bone thinning. Immunotherapy may cause inflammation and autoimmune reactions.
