What is Pleural Mesothelioma?
Pleural mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive form of
cancer that affects the pleura, the thin layer of tissue surrounding the lungs. It is primarily associated with
asbestos exposure, a group of minerals that were once widely used in construction, shipbuilding, and various industrial applications.
Causes and Risk Factors
The primary cause of pleural mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos fibers. When these fibers are inhaled, they can become lodged in the pleura, causing inflammation and scarring. Over time, this can lead to the development of cancerous cells. Other risk factors include prolonged exposure to
erionite (a naturally occurring mineral), radiation, and genetic predispositions.
Symptoms
Symptoms of pleural mesothelioma can be non-specific and may resemble other respiratory conditions. Common symptoms include
chest pain, shortness of breath, persistent cough, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss. In advanced stages, patients may experience pleural effusion, which is the buildup of fluid in the pleural space.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing pleural mesothelioma involves a combination of imaging tests, biopsies, and blood tests. Imaging tests such as chest X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs can help identify abnormalities in the pleura. A biopsy, where a small tissue sample is taken for analysis, is essential for confirming the diagnosis. Blood tests can also be used to detect specific
biomarkers associated with mesothelioma.
Treatment Options
Treatment for pleural mesothelioma depends on the stage of the disease and the overall health of the patient. Common treatment options include: Surgery: Procedures such as pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) or extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) aim to remove as much of the cancerous tissue as possible.
Chemotherapy: Drugs like pemetrexed and cisplatin are commonly used to kill cancer cells or slow their growth.
Radiation Therapy: High-energy beams are used to target and destroy cancer cells.
Immunotherapy: This treatment helps boost the body's immune system to fight the cancer.
Clinical Trials: Patients may have the opportunity to participate in clinical trials for new and emerging treatments.
Prognosis
The prognosis for pleural mesothelioma is generally poor due to its aggressive nature and late diagnosis. The average life expectancy after diagnosis ranges from 12 to 21 months. However, early detection and a multimodal treatment approach can improve outcomes and extend survival.
Prevention
The best way to prevent pleural mesothelioma is to avoid exposure to asbestos. This includes following safety guidelines when working with asbestos-containing materials, using protective equipment, and ensuring proper asbestos abatement procedures are followed. Additionally, public awareness and regulations have significantly reduced the use of asbestos in many countries. Support and Resources
Living with pleural mesothelioma can be challenging, both physically and emotionally. Support groups and counseling services can provide valuable emotional support. Organizations such as the
Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation and the
American Cancer Society offer resources and support for patients and their families.
