What is Radioembolization?
Radioembolization is a
minimally invasive procedure used to treat certain types of
cancer, particularly those affecting the liver. This treatment combines
embolization—the process of blocking blood flow to a tumor—with targeted
radiation therapy. The goal is to shrink tumors and slow their growth, providing symptom relief and potentially extending the patient's life.
How Does Radioembolization Work?
During the procedure, tiny beads—often referred to as
microspheres—loaded with a radioactive isotope (commonly Yttrium-90) are injected into the arteries that supply blood to the tumor. These beads lodge in the tumor's blood vessels, where they deliver a high dose of radiation directly to the cancer cells while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissue.
Who is a Candidate for Radioembolization?
Radioembolization is primarily used for patients with
liver cancer that is inoperable or has not responded to other treatments. It is often considered for those with
primary liver cancer (such as hepatocellular carcinoma) or metastatic liver cancer (such as colorectal cancer that has spread to the liver). Candidates typically have a good performance status and adequate liver function.
Localized Treatment: Because the radiation is delivered directly to the tumor, there is less damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
Minimally Invasive: The procedure is less invasive compared to traditional surgery, involving a catheter inserted through a small incision in the groin.
Outpatient Procedure: Most patients can go home the same day or the next day, with a relatively quick recovery time.
Symptom Relief: Radioembolization can help alleviate symptoms such as pain and swelling associated with liver tumors.
What are the Risks and Side Effects?
While radioembolization is generally well-tolerated, there are potential
risks and side effects. Common side effects include fatigue, fever, nausea, and abdominal pain. More serious risks can include liver damage, infection, and radiation-induced injury to surrounding organs. It is crucial to discuss these risks with your healthcare provider to determine if the benefits outweigh the potential downsides.
What is the Procedure Like?
The procedure is usually performed by an interventional radiologist. A catheter is inserted into the femoral artery through a small incision in the groin and guided to the liver's blood supply. The radioactive microspheres are then injected through the catheter. The entire process typically takes a few hours, and patients are monitored for a few hours post-procedure to ensure there are no immediate complications.
What is the Follow-Up Care?
After radioembolization, patients will have regular follow-up appointments to monitor the tumor's response to treatment. This typically involves imaging studies such as
CT scans or
MRI to assess the size and activity of the tumor. Blood tests may also be performed to monitor liver function and overall health. Patients should report any new or worsening symptoms to their healthcare provider promptly.
Conclusion
Radioembolization offers a promising treatment option for patients with certain types of liver cancer, particularly those who are not candidates for surgery. By delivering targeted radiation directly to the tumor, this minimally invasive procedure can effectively shrink tumors and alleviate symptoms with fewer side effects than traditional radiation therapy. As with any medical procedure, it is essential to discuss the potential benefits and risks with your healthcare provider to determine if radioembolization is the right option for you.
