Symptoms
The symptoms of ACC can vary depending on its location. In the salivary glands, it may present as a
painless lump in the mouth or face. If it involves the trachea, it may cause
breathing difficulties, while in the lacrimal glands, it can lead to
eye pain or vision changes. Because it often invades nerves, ACC can also cause significant pain and numbness.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing ACC typically involves a combination of imaging studies and a
biopsy. Imaging techniques like
MRI and
CT scans help in visualizing the tumor and assessing its extent. A biopsy provides a definitive diagnosis by allowing pathologists to examine the cancerous cells under a microscope.
Treatment
The primary treatment for ACC is surgical removal of the tumor. However, because ACC has a high propensity for perineural invasion (spread along nerve sheaths), complete surgical excision can be challenging. Post-surgical
radiation therapy is often recommended to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Chemotherapy is generally less effective in ACC but may be considered in advanced cases.
Prognosis
The prognosis for ACC varies widely and depends on several factors, including the size and location of the tumor, the extent of nerve involvement, and whether it has metastasized. Although ACC tends to grow slowly, it has a high risk of recurring and spreading to distant sites such as the lungs. Long-term follow-up is essential for managing this disease. Research and Advances
Research into ACC is ongoing, with current studies focusing on understanding the
genetic mutations that drive this cancer and developing targeted therapies. Advances in molecular profiling and immunotherapy hold promise for more effective treatments in the future.
Living with Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Living with ACC can be challenging due to its chronic nature and potential for recurrence. Patients often require long-term monitoring and may benefit from a multidisciplinary approach to care, involving specialists in oncology, surgery, radiology, and pain management.
Support groups and counseling can also be invaluable resources for emotional and psychological support.
