What is Angina?
Angina is a medical term for chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. It is often described as a squeezing, pressure, heaviness, or tightness in the chest. Angina can also radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, shoulder, or back. It is usually a symptom of
coronary artery disease (CAD) but can occur in other conditions as well.
How Does Angina Relate to Cancer?
Patients with
cancer are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, including angina. This can be due to various factors such as the cancer itself, treatment-related effects, or shared risk factors like smoking and poor diet. Some cancer treatments, particularly
chemotherapy and
radiation therapy, can damage the heart and blood vessels, leading to an increased risk of angina.
Anthracyclines: A class of chemotherapy drugs known for their effectiveness against various cancers but also for their cardiotoxicity.
HER2-targeted therapies: Used in breast cancer treatment, these can cause heart damage.
Radiosensitive areas: Radiation therapy to areas near the heart can damage coronary arteries.
Newer targeted therapies and immunotherapies: While often effective, some have been associated with increased cardiovascular risks.
Symptoms of Angina in Cancer Patients
The symptoms of angina in cancer patients are similar to those in the general population but may sometimes be mistaken for other cancer-related symptoms such as fatigue or pain from metastases. Key symptoms include: Chest pain or discomfort
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Nausea
Lightheadedness
Diagnosing Angina in Cancer Patients
Diagnosing angina in cancer patients can be challenging due to the overlapping symptoms of cancer and treatment side effects. A thorough medical history and physical examination are crucial. Diagnostic tests may include:Management and Treatment
The management of angina in cancer patients involves a multidisciplinary approach. Treatment options may include: Lifestyle changes: Diet, exercise, and smoking cessation
Medications: Nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antiplatelet agents
Revascularization procedures: Angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
Additionally, it is crucial to manage the underlying cancer and adjust cancer treatments to mitigate cardiovascular risks. Close coordination between oncologists and cardiologists is essential.
Prevention Strategies
Preventing angina in cancer patients involves several strategies: Regular cardiovascular monitoring during and after cancer treatment
Managing risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia
Using less cardiotoxic cancer treatments when possible
Early intervention and treatment of cardiovascular symptoms
Conclusion
While angina is a significant concern for cancer patients, understanding the relationship between cancer and cardiovascular health can lead to better management and improved quality of life. Collaboration between oncologists and cardiologists is vital for optimal care. Early detection, preventive measures, and appropriate treatment can help mitigate the risks and improve outcomes for cancer patients experiencing angina.
