rt) - Cancer Science

What is Radiation Therapy?

Radiation therapy (RT) is a common form of cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. It works by damaging the DNA within the cancer cells, which impairs their ability to reproduce and grow. The damaged cells then die and are naturally eliminated by the body.

How Does Radiation Therapy Work?

RT can be delivered in several ways, including external beam radiation, which directs radiation from outside the body, and internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy), which places radioactive sources inside or near the tumor. The type and method of delivery depend on the cancer type, location, and stage.

When is Radiation Therapy Used?

RT can be used at different stages of cancer treatment:

Primary treatment: It can be the main treatment for certain cancers, like early-stage laryngeal cancer.
Adjuvant therapy: RT is often used after surgery or chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells, as seen in breast cancer treatment.
Palliative treatment: To relieve symptoms and improve quality of life in advanced cancers, such as bone metastases.

What are the Side Effects of Radiation Therapy?

While RT is targeted, it can still affect surrounding healthy tissues, causing side effects. Common side effects include skin irritation, fatigue, and localized pain. Long-term side effects may involve tissue scarring and, in rare cases, secondary cancers. The side effects depend on the treated area and individual patient factors.

How is Radiation Therapy Planned?

Before starting RT, a detailed planning process ensures precise delivery. This involves imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs to locate the tumor accurately. A radiation oncologist collaborates with a team to create a customized treatment plan, which includes the radiation dose, frequency, and precise targeting.

What are the Advances in Radiation Therapy?

Technological advancements have significantly improved RT's effectiveness and safety. Techniques like Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Proton Therapy allow for more precise targeting, reducing damage to healthy tissues. Additionally, image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) uses imaging during treatment to improve accuracy.

What Should Patients Expect During Radiation Therapy?

Patients typically receive RT over several weeks, with sessions lasting a few minutes each. It's a painless process, but patients will need to lie still during treatment. Regular follow-ups and monitoring are essential to assess the treatment's effectiveness and manage any side effects.

Conclusion

Radiation therapy remains a cornerstone of cancer treatment, with ongoing research and technological improvements continually enhancing its precision and effectiveness. Patients considering RT should discuss the potential benefits and risks with their healthcare team to make informed decisions about their treatment options.