What is Cancer?
Cancer is a broad term for a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled division and spread of abnormal cells. It can occur almost anywhere in the body and often forms a mass called a tumor. Not all tumors are cancerous; those that are not are termed benign. Malignant tumors, on the other hand, are invasive and can spread to other parts of the body.
How Does Cancer Develop?
Cancer develops due to mutations in the DNA of cells. These mutations can be caused by various factors including
genetics, environmental exposures, lifestyle choices, and infections. The mutations interfere with normal cell growth and death processes, leading to the formation of cancerous cells that proliferate uncontrollably.
How is Cancer Diagnosed?
Cancer diagnosis typically involves multiple steps, including imaging tests like
X-rays,
CT scans, and
MRIs, as well as laboratory tests such as blood and urine analyses. A definitive diagnosis often requires a
biopsy, where a sample of tissue is examined under a microscope.
What is the Prognosis for Cancer Patients?
The prognosis for cancer patients varies widely based on the type of cancer, its stage at diagnosis, and the patient's overall health. Early detection and advances in treatment have improved survival rates for many types of cancer. However, some cancers remain difficult to treat and have lower survival rates.
How Can Cancer be Prevented?
While not all cancers can be prevented, the risk of developing certain types can be reduced through lifestyle changes. These include avoiding tobacco, limiting alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and protecting skin from excessive sun exposure. Vaccinations, like the
HPV vaccine and
Hepatitis B vaccine, can also prevent cancers related to infections.
