What is Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC)?
Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive
skin cancer that originates from Merkel cells. These cells are found in the skin's top layer and are responsible for the sensation of touch. MCC is known for its rapid growth and potential to spread to other parts of the body.
Who is at Risk?
MCC primarily affects older adults, typically those over the age of 50. It is more common in individuals with fair skin and a history of extensive sun exposure. People with weakened immune systems, such as those who have undergone organ transplants or have
HIV/AIDS, are also at higher risk.
How is MCC Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of MCC usually involves a combination of physical examination and biopsy. During a biopsy, a sample of the suspicious skin lesion is removed and examined under a microscope. Additional tests, such as
imaging studies (e.g., CT scans, PET scans), may be conducted to determine if the cancer has spread.
What are the Symptoms?
MCC often presents as a painless, firm, and rapidly growing nodule on sun-exposed areas of the skin, such as the face, neck, and arms. The nodule may be red, blue, or purple and can sometimes resemble other types of
skin cancers or benign skin conditions.
What are the Treatment Options?
Treatment for MCC typically involves a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and sometimes chemotherapy.
Surgery aims to remove the primary tumor and may include a wide local excision or sentinel lymph node biopsy.
Radiation therapy is often used post-surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. For metastatic MCC,
immunotherapy options, such as checkpoint inhibitors, are increasingly being used.
What is the Prognosis?
The prognosis for MCC can vary widely depending on factors like the stage at diagnosis and the patient’s overall health. Early-stage MCC has a better prognosis with a higher likelihood of successful treatment. However, advanced or metastatic MCC has a poorer outlook. Long-term follow-up care is essential for monitoring recurrence.
How Can MCC be Prevented?
Preventive measures for MCC include minimizing UV exposure by wearing protective clothing, using broad-spectrum sunscreen, and avoiding tanning beds. Regular skin checks and monitoring for any new or changing skin lesions are crucial, especially for those at higher risk.
