What is Skin Cancer?
Skin cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the skin's outermost layer, known as the epidermis. It is one of the most common types of cancer, primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common form of skin cancer, BCC typically appears as a small, shiny bump or nodule on the skin, especially in sun-exposed areas like the face and neck.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): SCC is the second most common type and often appears as a red, scaly patch or a sore that heals and then reopens. It is also primarily found in sun-exposed areas.
Melanoma: The most dangerous form of skin cancer, melanoma can develop in existing moles or suddenly appear as a new dark spot on the skin. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment.
Risk Factors
Several factors can increase the risk of developing skin cancer: Exposure to UV radiation from the sun or tanning beds
Having fair skin, light-colored eyes, and blonde or red hair
A history of sunburns, especially in early life
A family history of skin cancer
Having a large number of
moles or atypical moles
Weakened immune system due to conditions or medications
Prevention
Preventing skin cancer involves reducing exposure to UV radiation: Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher
Wear protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses
Seek shade during peak sun hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.)
Avoid tanning beds
Perform regular self-examinations to detect any changes in your skin
Symptoms
Common symptoms of skin cancer include: A new growth or sore that doesn’t heal
A change in an existing mole, such as changes in size, shape, or color
A mole that itches, bleeds, or becomes painful
An unusual lesion or bump on the skin
Diagnosis
Skin cancer is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination and
biopsy. A dermatologist will examine suspicious moles or lesions and may remove a small sample of tissue for further analysis in a lab.
Treatment
Treatment options for skin cancer depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the cancer: Surgical Procedures: Including excision, Mohs surgery, and curettage and electrodesiccation.
Radiation Therapy: Used for tumors that are difficult to treat surgically or for patients who aren’t candidates for surgery.
Chemotherapy: Topical or systemic chemotherapy may be used for advanced cases.
Immunotherapy: Medications that help the immune system target and destroy cancer cells, such as
checkpoint inhibitors.
Targeted Therapy: Drugs that target specific molecules involved in cancer growth and spread.
Prognosis
The prognosis for skin cancer varies by type and stage. Early detection and treatment often result in a high cure rate for BCC and SCC. Melanoma, however, can be more challenging to treat if not caught early. Regular skin checks and prompt attention to suspicious changes are essential for favorable outcomes.
