What is Multiple Myeloma?
Multiple myeloma is a type of
cancer that forms in a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell. These cells help you fight infections by making antibodies that recognize and attack germs. In multiple myeloma, cancerous plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow and crowd out healthy blood cells. Rather than produce helpful antibodies, the cancer cells produce abnormal proteins that can cause complications.
What Causes Multiple Myeloma?
The exact cause of multiple myeloma is not well understood. However, it is known that certain
genetic mutations can lead to the development of this disease. Other factors that may contribute include exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, and a family history of the disease. Some research suggests that
obesity and other chronic conditions could also increase the risk.
What are the Symptoms?
Symptoms of multiple myeloma can vary greatly but often include
bone pain, particularly in the back or ribs, frequent infections, anemia, and kidney dysfunction. Some patients may also experience weight loss, fatigue, and excessive thirst. Because these symptoms are common to many other conditions, multiple myeloma is often not diagnosed until it is in its later stages.
How is Multiple Myeloma Diagnosed?
Diagnosing multiple myeloma typically involves a series of tests, including blood tests, urine tests, and imaging studies. A
bone marrow biopsy is often required to confirm the diagnosis. Blood tests can reveal abnormal levels of proteins, while imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, and CT scans can identify bone damage. A biopsy provides definitive evidence by showing the presence of cancerous plasma cells in the bone marrow.
What are the Treatment Options?
Treatment for multiple myeloma usually involves a combination of therapies. Common options include
chemotherapy,
radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and
stem cell transplants. Newer treatments like immunotherapy and CAR T-cell therapy are also showing promise. The choice of treatment depends on various factors, including the stage of the disease, the patient’s overall health, and specific genetic features of the cancer.
What is the Prognosis?
The prognosis for multiple myeloma has significantly improved in recent years due to advancements in treatment. However, it remains an incurable disease, and the goal of treatment is often to manage symptoms and prolong life. The median survival rate has increased to approximately 5 to 7 years, with many patients living much longer thanks to new therapies. Regular follow-ups and ongoing treatment are essential to manage the disease effectively.
Can Multiple Myeloma be Prevented?
Currently, there is no known way to prevent multiple myeloma, mainly because the exact cause is not known. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals, and regular medical check-ups can help in early detection and management. Genetic counseling may be beneficial for individuals with a family history of the disease.
Are there Support Resources?
Numerous support resources are available for patients and families dealing with multiple myeloma. Organizations like the
American Cancer Society and the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation offer a wealth of information and support services. Support groups, both online and in-person, can provide emotional support and practical advice for managing the disease.
