What are Otoacoustic Emissions (OAEs)?
Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are sounds that are generated by the inner ear's cochlea in response to auditory stimuli. These emissions can be detected using specialized equipment placed in the ear canal. OAEs are crucial for assessing the function of the cochlea and are commonly used in newborn hearing screening programs.
How are OAEs Measured?
A small probe containing a speaker and a microphone is inserted into the ear canal. The speaker emits a series of clicks or tones, and the microphone picks up the resulting OAEs, which are typically very faint sounds. The presence and strength of these emissions help determine the health of the hair cells in the cochlea.
How Can OAEs Be Used to Monitor Ototoxicity?
By conducting OAE tests before, during, and after cancer treatment, healthcare providers can monitor changes in cochlear function. A decrease in the amplitude or absence of OAEs may indicate early signs of ototoxicity, allowing for timely intervention, such as adjusting the treatment regimen or using protective agents like
amifostine.
Are There Limitations to OAE Testing?
While OAE testing is valuable, it has limitations. It may not detect all forms of hearing loss, such as those affecting the
inner hair cells or auditory nerve. Additionally, factors like middle ear fluid or earwax can affect the accuracy of the results. Therefore, OAE testing is often used in conjunction with other audiological assessments.
Future Directions
Research is ongoing to improve the sensitivity and specificity of OAE testing in detecting ototoxicity. Advances in
biomarkers and
genetic testing may also provide better insights into individual susceptibility to ototoxicity, leading to more personalized cancer treatment plans.
