Pelvic Radiation - Cancer Science

What is Pelvic Radiation?

Pelvic radiation is a type of radiation therapy that targets the pelvic region. It is commonly used to treat various cancers including rectal cancer, prostate cancer, cervical cancer, and ovarian cancer. This form of treatment involves the use of high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells in the pelvic area.

How Does Pelvic Radiation Work?

Pelvic radiation works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, thereby inhibiting their ability to grow and divide. The treatment is usually administered in a hospital or clinic setting using a linear accelerator. The radiation is carefully targeted to minimize damage to surrounding healthy tissues.

What Are the Types of Pelvic Radiation?

There are several types of pelvic radiation, including:

External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT): This is the most common form and involves directing radiation at the pelvic area from outside the body.
Internal Radiation Therapy (Brachytherapy): This involves placing radioactive materials inside the body, near the cancer cells.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT): This is a highly precise form of radiation therapy that delivers a higher dose of radiation to a small area.

What Are the Side Effects of Pelvic Radiation?

Common side effects of pelvic radiation include:

Fatigue
Skin irritation
Gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea and cramping
Urinary problems such as frequency and urgency
Sexual dysfunction

Long-term side effects may include infertility and damage to nearby organs such as the bladder and intestines. It's essential to discuss potential side effects with your healthcare provider.

Who is a Candidate for Pelvic Radiation?

Pelvic radiation is typically recommended for patients with cancers located in the pelvic region. Candidates may include individuals with locally advanced cancers, or those who have had surgery to remove tumors. The decision to use pelvic radiation depends on various factors including the type and stage of the cancer, and the patient’s overall health.

How to Prepare for Pelvic Radiation?

Preparation for pelvic radiation involves several steps:

Consultation with a radiation oncologist to discuss the treatment plan
Simulation session to map the treatment area using imaging techniques such as CT or MRI scans
Marking the skin with tiny tattoos or markers to guide the precise delivery of radiation

Patients may also be advised to follow specific dietary guidelines to minimize gastrointestinal side effects.

What to Expect During and After Treatment?

During the treatment, patients will lie on a table while the radiation machine targets the specific area. Each session typically lasts about 15-30 minutes and is usually scheduled five days a week for several weeks.
After treatment, regular follow-up appointments are crucial for monitoring progress and managing any side effects. Rehabilitation services may also be recommended to help with recovery.

Conclusion

Pelvic radiation is a critical component in the treatment of various pelvic cancers. Understanding the procedure, potential side effects, and the preparation involved can help patients navigate their treatment journey more effectively. Always consult with your healthcare provider to tailor the treatment to your specific needs.