What is Permanent Brachytherapy?
Permanent brachytherapy is a type of internal radiation therapy used to treat various types of
cancer. It involves placing radioactive seeds directly into or near the tumor. These seeds emit radiation over a period of time, killing cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
How Does It Work?
The process involves inserting small radioactive seeds, typically made from materials like iodine-125 or palladium-103, into the tumor using needles or catheters. Once in place, these seeds emit low doses of radiation over several weeks to months. The radiation gradually decreases in strength, and the seeds remain in the body permanently.
What Types of Cancer Can Be Treated?
Permanent brachytherapy is commonly used for
prostate cancer, but it can also be effective for other cancers such as cervical, head and neck, and sometimes breast cancer. The suitability of this treatment depends on the type, location, and stage of the cancer.
Targeted Treatment: The radiation is concentrated on the tumor, sparing nearby healthy tissues.
Outpatient Procedure: It is usually performed on an outpatient basis, meaning no hospital stay is required.
Minimal Side Effects: Side effects are generally less severe compared to external radiation therapy.
Convenience: Once the seeds are implanted, no further visits for radiation therapy are needed.
What Are the Risks and Side Effects?
While permanent brachytherapy is generally safe, it can have some
side effects. These may include urinary symptoms such as frequency, urgency, and discomfort, as well as bowel symptoms like rectal irritation. In rare cases, more severe complications such as infection or seed migration may occur.
Who Is a Good Candidate?
Not all patients are suitable for permanent brachytherapy. Ideal candidates usually have localized tumors that have not spread beyond the primary site. Factors such as overall health, age, and the specific characteristics of the tumor also play a role in determining suitability. A thorough evaluation by a
radiation oncologist is essential.
Planning: Imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans are used to map the tumor and plan the placement of the seeds.
Implantation: Under anesthesia, the seeds are implanted using needles or catheters guided by ultrasound or other imaging techniques.
Recovery: Most patients can go home the same day and resume normal activities within a few days.
Follow-Up Care
Post-procedure follow-up is crucial to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment and manage any side effects. Regular
PSA tests or other relevant blood tests, imaging studies, and physical exams will be part of the follow-up plan. Patients should report any persistent or severe side effects to their healthcare provider.
Conclusion
Permanent brachytherapy is an effective option for treating certain types of cancer, offering benefits such as targeted therapy and minimal side effects. However, it is essential to consult with a specialized healthcare provider to determine if this treatment is appropriate for your specific condition.
