progression - Cancer Science

What is Cancer Progression?

Cancer progression refers to the process by which cancer cells grow, divide, and spread in the body. It involves multiple stages, starting from the initial transformation of normal cells into malignant cells, to the growth of the tumor, and finally to the metastasis, where cancer spreads to other parts of the body.

How Does Cancer Progress?

Cancer progression is driven by a series of genetic and molecular changes within the cells. These changes are often triggered by factors such as mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, environmental influences, and lifestyle factors. Over time, these abnormal cells acquire the ability to evade normal regulatory mechanisms, leading to uncontrolled growth and division.

What Are the Stages of Cancer Progression?

There are generally four main stages of cancer progression:

Stage 1: The cancer is localized to its site of origin and has not spread.
Stage 2: The cancer is larger but still localized; it may have spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.
Stage 3: The cancer has spread to more distant lymph nodes or tissues.
Stage 4: The cancer has metastasized to distant organs or tissues.

What Factors Influence Cancer Progression?

Several factors can influence the rate and extent of cancer progression, including:

Genetic mutations that drive cancer growth.
The microenvironment surrounding the tumor, including blood vessels, immune cells, and other cells that can either support or inhibit tumor growth.
The immune system's ability to recognize and destroy cancer cells.

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