What is Radiation Therapy?
Radiation therapy is a common treatment for
cancer that uses high-energy particles or waves, such as
X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, or protons, to destroy or damage cancer cells. It aims to target and kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
How Does Radiation Therapy Work?
Radiation therapy works by damaging the DNA inside cancer cells, which inhibits their ability to grow and divide. Over time, these damaged cells die off and are eliminated by the body's natural processes. Radiation can be delivered externally through a machine (external beam radiation) or internally via radioactive material placed near the tumor (
brachytherapy).
What Happens During a Radiation Session?
Before starting radiation therapy, a patient will undergo a planning session called simulation. During simulation, the treatment team will determine the exact location to target and may use imaging techniques like
CT scans or
MRI. The patient will be positioned in a way that ensures precision, often with the aid of molds or immobilization devices.
During the actual radiation session, the patient lies on a treatment table while a machine delivers the prescribed dose of radiation. The process is painless and usually lasts only a few minutes. The patient needs to remain still to ensure the radiation targets the correct area.
How Many Sessions Are Required?
The number of radiation sessions varies depending on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the treatment goals. Some patients may require daily sessions for several weeks, while others might need fewer sessions with higher doses of radiation. The treatment plan is personalized for each patient by their oncologist.
What Are the Side Effects of Radiation Therapy?
Side effects of radiation therapy depend on the area being treated and the dosage. Common side effects include
fatigue, skin irritation (similar to a sunburn), and localized hair loss. Other side effects may include nausea, diarrhea, or difficulty swallowing, depending on the treatment area. Most side effects are temporary and subside after treatment ends.
How to Manage Side Effects?
Managing side effects is crucial for maintaining quality of life during radiation therapy. Patients are encouraged to report any side effects to their healthcare team, who can provide medications or advice to alleviate symptoms. Staying hydrated, eating a balanced diet, and getting adequate rest can also help manage side effects.
What Are the Benefits of Radiation Therapy?
Radiation therapy can be highly effective in shrinking tumors, relieving symptoms, and improving survival rates. It can be used as a standalone treatment or in combination with
surgery,
chemotherapy, or other therapies. For some patients, radiation therapy can cure cancer, while for others, it can help control the disease and improve quality of life.
Who Administers Radiation Therapy?
Radiation therapy is administered by a specialized team that includes a radiation oncologist, dosimetrist, radiation therapist, and medical physicist. The radiation oncologist designs the treatment plan, while the dosimetrist calculates the precise dose. The radiation therapist operates the machines, and the medical physicist ensures the equipment functions correctly and safely.
Conclusion
Radiation therapy is a vital component of cancer treatment that offers significant benefits for many patients. Understanding the process, potential side effects, and the role of the treatment team can help patients navigate their therapy with confidence. Always consult with healthcare providers to tailor the best treatment plan for individual needs.
