Serum PTHrP levels - Cancer Science

What is PTHrP?

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a protein that is closely related to parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is crucial in calcium regulation. PTHrP is produced not only by normal tissues but also by a variety of malignant tumors, making it highly relevant in the context of cancer.

Why is PTHrP Important in Cancer?

PTHrP plays a significant role in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM), a condition characterized by elevated calcium levels in the blood due to cancer. It is often secreted by tumors, leading to increased bone resorption and decreased renal calcium excretion, thereby elevating serum calcium levels.

How is Serum PTHrP Measured?

Serum PTHrP levels are typically measured using immunoassays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). These tests are designed to detect and quantify PTHrP in the bloodstream, offering valuable insights into the presence and activity of certain types of cancer.

What Types of Cancer are Associated with Elevated PTHrP Levels?

Several cancers are known to elevate serum PTHrP levels, including breast cancer, lung cancer (particularly squamous cell carcinoma), renal cell carcinoma, and some types of lymphomas. These cancers often lead to HHM, making PTHrP a critical biomarker in their diagnosis and management.

What are the Clinical Implications of Elevated Serum PTHrP?

Elevated serum PTHrP levels can lead to various clinical manifestations, primarily due to hypercalcemia. These include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, constipation, polyuria, and neuromuscular symptoms like muscle weakness and confusion. In severe cases, it can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and coma.

How is Hypercalcemia Managed in Cancer Patients?

The management of hypercalcemia in cancer patients often involves a combination of hydration, bisphosphonates (which inhibit bone resorption), and calcitonin. In severe cases, dialysis may be necessary. Targeting the underlying cancer with appropriate therapies can also help reduce PTHrP levels and manage hypercalcemia.

Is Serum PTHrP a Reliable Biomarker?

While serum PTHrP is a useful biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring HHM in cancer patients, its levels can vary depending on the type and stage of the cancer. Therefore, it is often used in conjunction with other diagnostic tools and clinical assessments to provide a comprehensive understanding of the patient’s condition.

Future Directions in PTHrP Research

Ongoing research aims to further elucidate the mechanisms by which PTHrP contributes to cancer progression and hypercalcemia. Potential future therapies may involve targeting PTHrP pathways to not only manage hypercalcemia but also inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.

Relevant Publications

Squamous cell carcinoma of mandibular gingiva producing both parathyroid hormone-related protein and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: a case report.

Issue Release: 2024

Diagnosing Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Pregnancy: A Case of Altered Parathyroid Hormone Degradation in Pregnancy.

Issue Release: 2024

Eiken syndrome with parathyroid hormone resistance due to a novel parathyroid hormone receptor type 1 mutation: clinical features and functional analysis.

Issue Release: 2024

Association between parathyroid hormone-related peptide levels and mortality in patients with malignancy.

Issue Release: 2024

Parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) in patients with pancreatic carcinoma and overt signs of disease progression and host tissue wasting.

Issue Release: 2023

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy.

Issue Release: 2023

Malignant Hypercalcemia Due to the Ectopic Production of Calcitriol by an Abdominal Liposarcoma.

Issue Release: 2023

Abaloparatide Has the Same Catabolic Effects on Bones of Mice When Infused as PTH (1-34).

Issue Release: 2023

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder simultaneously producing granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor and parathyroid hormone-related protein.

Issue Release: 2023

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor producing cervical cancer with elevated levels of parathyroid hormone-related protein: a case report and literature review.

Issue Release: 2023

Biomarkers in Body Fluids as Indicators of Skeletal Maturity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Issue Release: 2023

PTH-Related Protein Assays in Advanced Kidney Disease: Implications for Evaluation of Hypercalcemia.

Issue Release: 2023

Substantially Delayed Maturation of Growth Plate Chondrocytes in \"Humanized\" Mice with the H223R Mutation of Jansen\'s Disease.

Issue Release: 2023

Study on the correlation between mineral bone metabolism and CRP in patients with SHPT during perioperative period.

Issue Release: 2023

Hypercalcemia in the setting of HTLV-1 infection and a normal PTHrP level.

Issue Release: 2022

Successful treatment with dacarbazine against a parathyroid hormone-related protein-producing melanoma causing hypercalcemia after immune checkpoint inhibitor failure.

Issue Release: 2022

Uncarboxylated osteocalcin promotes proliferation and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells through TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway.

Issue Release: 2022

A Review of Current Clinical Concepts in the Pathophysiology, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Hypercalcemia.

Issue Release: 2022

Increasing serotonin concentrations alter calcium metabolism in periparturient dairy goats.

Issue Release: 2022

Immunoarray Measurements of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptides Combined with Other Biomarkers to Diagnose Aggressive Prostate Cancer.

Issue Release: 2022

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