What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a type of
cancer that originates in the squamous cells, which are flat, thin cells found on the surface of the skin and in the lining of various organs. These cells are part of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. SCC can occur in several parts of the body including the skin, lungs, and other organs.
How Common is SCC?
SCC is the second most common form of
skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma. It accounts for approximately 20% of all skin cancer cases. While it can affect people of all ages, it is more prevalent in older adults, particularly those with fair skin.
What Causes SCC?
The primary cause of SCC is prolonged exposure to
ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Other risk factors include chronic skin irritation, exposure to carcinogenic chemicals, a history of precancerous skin lesions, and a weakened immune system. Genetic predisposition can also play a role.
Symptoms and Signs
SCC often appears as a rough, scaly patch on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, neck, and hands. It may also manifest as an open sore, a firm red nodule, or a wart-like growth. Unlike benign skin conditions, these lesions may bleed or form a crust and do not heal over time. Diagnosis
Diagnosis of SCC typically involves a thorough physical examination followed by a
biopsy. During a biopsy, a small sample of the suspicious tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of cancerous cells.
Treatment Options
Treatment for SCC depends on the size, location, and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Common treatment options include: Surgical excision: Removing the tumor along with a margin of healthy tissue.
Mohs surgery: A precise surgical technique that removes the cancer layer by layer, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
Cryotherapy: Freezing the cancer cells with liquid nitrogen.
Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
Topical treatments: Applying medicated creams or solutions directly to the affected area.
Prognosis
When detected early, SCC is highly treatable and often curable. The prognosis is generally favorable, but the risk of recurrence and metastasis increases if the cancer is not treated promptly. Advanced SCC can spread to other parts of the body, making it more difficult to treat. Prevention
Preventing SCC involves minimizing exposure to UV radiation. This can be achieved by wearing protective clothing, using broad-spectrum
sunscreen, seeking shade, and avoiding tanning beds. Regular skin examinations by a healthcare professional and self-checks can help detect early signs of skin cancer.
Conclusion
Squamous Cell Carcinoma is a common but preventable form of cancer. Early detection and appropriate treatment are key to successful outcomes. By taking preventive measures and being vigilant about skin changes, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing SCC.
