What is a Stoma?
A
stoma is a surgically created opening on the abdomen that allows waste to be diverted out of the body. This can be necessary for patients with certain types of
cancer, particularly those affecting the digestive or urinary systems. Common types of stomas include colostomies, ileostomies, and urostomies.
Why Would Cancer Patients Need a Stoma?
Cancer patients may require a stoma due to the removal of parts of the bowel, bladder, or other organs affected by cancer. This can be a result of
surgery aimed at removing tumorous tissue, which may necessitate an alternative route for waste elimination. Conditions such as
colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, or gynecologic cancers are often associated with stoma formation.
Common Stoma Problems
Stoma-related complications can significantly impact the quality of life for cancer patients. Some of the common problems include: Skin Irritation: The skin around the stoma can become irritated due to leakage of waste, improper fitting of stoma appliances, or frequent changing of the appliance.
Stoma Blockage: Food or other substances can block the stoma, causing pain, swelling, and difficulty in passing waste.
Infection: The stoma site can become infected, leading to redness, swelling, and discomfort.
Hernia: A parastomal hernia, where tissue or organs protrude through the abdominal wall near the stoma, can occur.
Bleeding: Minor bleeding can occur due to the delicate nature of stoma tissue, especially during cleaning or appliance changes.
Proper Hygiene: Keeping the stoma site clean and dry is crucial in preventing infections and skin irritation.
Correct Appliance Fit: Ensuring that stoma appliances fit well and are changed regularly can prevent leakage and skin problems.
Dietary Adjustments: Adopting a suitable diet can help in preventing blockages and other complications. Patients may need to avoid certain foods and ensure adequate hydration.
Regular Monitoring: Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can help in early detection and management of any complications.
When to Seek Medical Help
It's essential for cancer patients with a stoma to know when to seek medical assistance. Some signs that warrant immediate attention include:
Severe or persistent
pain around the stoma site
Signs of infection such as increased redness, swelling, or discharge
Difficulty in passing waste or signs of blockage
Uncontrolled
bleeding or significant changes in stoma appearance
Development of a hernia
Support and Resources
Living with a stoma can be challenging, but numerous resources and support systems are available: Support Groups: Many organizations provide support groups for stoma patients, offering emotional support and practical advice.
Educational Materials: Patient education materials and online resources can provide valuable information on stoma care.
Healthcare Providers: Stoma care nurses and other healthcare professionals can offer personalized care plans and guidance.
Conclusion
Stoma-related problems can be a significant concern for cancer patients, but with appropriate care and support, many complications can be managed or prevented. Regular monitoring, proper hygiene, and timely medical intervention are key to ensuring the best possible quality of life for those living with a stoma.
