What is a Stoma?
A
stoma is a surgically created opening on the surface of the abdomen that allows waste to exit the body. This procedure is often necessary for patients who have undergone surgery for conditions like
colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, or other conditions affecting the digestive or urinary systems. The stoma can be temporary or permanent, depending on the underlying condition and the type of surgery performed.
Why Would a Cancer Patient Need a Stoma?
Cancer patients may require a stoma for various reasons. One of the most common reasons is to divert waste away from areas that need to heal after
surgery. For instance, in cases of colorectal cancer, a portion of the colon or rectum may be removed, necessitating the creation of a stoma to allow the remaining parts to heal. Similarly, bladder cancer patients may need a urinary stoma if the bladder is partially or completely removed.
Types of Stomas
There are different types of stomas, each serving a specific function: Colostomy: This type of stoma is created from the colon and is used to divert waste from the digestive system.
Ileostomy: Formed from the ileum (the last part of the small intestine), this stoma also diverts digestive waste.
Urostomy: Created to divert urine away from the bladder, often used for bladder cancer patients.
How is a Stoma Created?
The creation of a stoma is a surgical procedure typically performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon will remove the diseased part of the organ (colon, rectum, or bladder) and bring the remaining healthy part to the surface of the abdomen. The end of the intestine or ureter is then turned inside out and sutured to the skin to form the stoma.
Life with a Stoma
Living with a stoma requires some adjustments, but with proper care and support, patients can lead a normal life.
Stoma care involves regular cleaning and maintenance to prevent infection and irritation. Patients may need to wear an ostomy bag to collect waste, which should be emptied regularly. Many patients find support groups and educational sessions helpful for adapting to life with a stoma.
Common Concerns and Complications
Some common concerns and complications associated with stomas include: Skin irritation around the stoma
Stoma blockage due to food particles
Hernia around the stoma site
Stoma prolapse, where the stoma protrudes more than usual
Most of these complications can be managed with proper care and medical attention.
Psychological Impact
The psychological impact of having a stoma can be significant. Patients may experience feelings of embarrassment, anxiety, or depression. It is crucial for healthcare providers to offer psychological support and counseling to help patients adjust. Family and friends can also play a vital role in providing emotional support.Future Prospects
Advancements in surgical techniques and
stoma appliances have made it easier for patients to manage their condition. Research is ongoing to improve the quality of life for stoma patients through innovations in stoma care products and surgical methods.
