What is a Urostomy?
A
urostomy is a surgically created opening in the abdomen that allows urine to pass directly out of the body. This procedure may be necessary when the bladder is either removed or bypassed due to conditions such as cancer. It involves diverting urine through a section of the intestine, which is then brought out through the abdominal wall to create a stoma.
Why is a Urostomy Needed for Cancer Patients?
In the context of
cancer, a urostomy is often required when the bladder is affected by cancer, particularly advanced or invasive bladder cancer. It might also be necessary after treatments for other
pelvic cancers that damage the bladder or urinary tract. This procedure helps in ensuring that urine can still be expelled from the body safely and effectively.
Types of Urostomies
There are several types of urostomies, but the most common are:1. Ileal Conduit: This is the most common type of urostomy. A small piece of the ileum (part of the small intestine) is used to create a passageway for urine to exit the body through the stoma.
2. Continent Urostomy: This involves creating an internal reservoir from a piece of the intestine, which can be drained periodically via a catheter inserted into the stoma.
Preoperative Considerations
Before undergoing a urostomy, patients usually undergo extensive
preoperative evaluations. This includes imaging studies, blood tests, and discussions about the surgical procedure, potential complications, and postoperative care. The medical team will also provide guidance on how to prepare for surgery, including dietary restrictions and bowel preparation.
Postoperative Care and Recovery
Postoperative care for a urostomy involves several key aspects:1. Stoma Care: Learning how to care for the stoma is crucial. This includes cleaning the area, changing the urostomy bag, and monitoring for signs of infection.
2. Hydration: Maintaining proper hydration is essential to ensure that the urine remains dilute and to prevent complications such as kidney stones or urinary tract infections.
3. Follow-Up: Regular follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor the patient's overall health and to detect any potential complications early.
Living with a Urostomy
Adjusting to life with a urostomy can be challenging initially, but with time, most patients adapt well. Patients can engage in most of their usual activities, including work, exercise, and travel. Special urostomy supplies and accessories are available to help manage the stoma discreetly and comfortably.Potential Complications
While a urostomy can greatly improve quality of life, it is not without risks. Potential complications include:- Stomal Prolapse: Where the stoma protrudes more than usual from the abdomen.
- Stenosis: Narrowing of the stoma, which can impede urine flow.
- Infection: Risk of urinary tract infections or skin infections around the stoma.
Support and Resources
Support groups and resources are available for individuals living with a urostomy. These can provide valuable information, emotional support, and practical advice. Healthcare providers can also offer referrals to
urostomy nurses or specialists for ongoing care and support.
Conclusion
A urostomy is a significant but often necessary procedure for cancer patients whose bladder function is compromised. With proper care, education, and support, individuals can lead full and active lives post-surgery. Understanding the procedure, its implications, and the resources available can greatly aid in the adjustment and long-term management of a urostomy.
