What are TKIs?
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a class of drugs that block the action of enzymes called tyrosine kinases. These enzymes are responsible for the activation of many proteins by signal transduction cascades, which can contribute to the growth and spread of cancer cells. By inhibiting these enzymes, TKIs can help to stop or slow the progression of cancer.
How do TKIs work?
TKIs work by targeting specific tyrosine kinases that are involved in the signaling pathways of cancer cells. These kinases are often overactive in cancerous cells, leading to uncontrolled cell division and tumor growth. By blocking these enzymes, TKIs can disrupt these signaling pathways, inhibiting the proliferation and survival of cancer cells.
Fatigue
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Rash
Hypertension
Hepatotoxicity (liver damage)
How are TKIs administered?
TKIs are typically administered orally in the form of pills or capsules. The dosage and schedule depend on the specific drug and the type of cancer being treated. Patients usually take TKIs once or twice daily, and the treatment duration can vary from several months to years, depending on the response to therapy and the type of cancer.
Targeted action: TKIs specifically target cancer cells, minimizing damage to normal cells.
Fewer side effects: Because they are more targeted, TKIs generally have fewer and less severe side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy.
Oral administration: TKIs are taken orally, making them more convenient for patients compared to intravenous chemotherapy.
Resistance: Cancer cells can develop resistance to TKIs over time, leading to a loss of efficacy.
Side effects: Although generally fewer, the side effects of TKIs can still be significant and may limit their use in some patients.
Cost: TKIs can be expensive, and not all patients may have access to these treatments due to financial constraints.
What is the future of TKIs in cancer treatment?
The future of TKIs in cancer treatment is promising, with ongoing research focused on developing new TKIs, overcoming resistance, and improving the efficacy and safety of existing drugs. Personalized medicine approaches, which tailor treatment based on the genetic profile of the patient's tumor, are also being explored to enhance the effectiveness of TKIs.
