There are several mechanisms by which biological carcinogens induce cancer:
Genomic Integration: Some viruses, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), integrate their DNA into the host cell's genome. This can disrupt normal genes and lead to cancer. Chronic Inflammation: Certain bacteria and parasites cause long-term inflammation, which can result in DNA damage and cancer. For example, Helicobacter pylori infection is linked to stomach cancer. Toxin Production: Some biological agents produce toxins that directly cause cellular damage. For instance, the Hepatitis B and C viruses produce proteins that can induce liver cancer.
