Cancers can cause endocrinopathies through several mechanisms. Tumors may directly affect endocrine glands, leading to overproduction or underproduction of hormones. For instance, a pituitary adenoma can result in hyperpituitarism or hypopituitarism. Additionally, cancers may secrete ectopic hormones or hormone-like substances, leading to paraneoplastic syndromes. Lastly, metastasis to endocrine glands can disrupt their normal function.
