Immune checkpoints are regulatory pathways in the immune system that maintain self-tolerance and modulate the duration and amplitude of immune responses. Tumors can exploit these checkpoints to evade immune surveillance. For example, the interaction between PD-1 on immune cells and PD-L1 on tumor cells can inhibit T-cell activity, allowing the tumor to escape immune detection. Targeting these checkpoints with immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown promising results in cancer therapy.
