TAMs can promote tumor growth by several mechanisms:
Angiogenesis: TAMs secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promotes the formation of new blood vessels, supplying the tumor with oxygen and nutrients. Immunosuppression: TAMs can suppress the activity of cytotoxic T-cells and natural killer cells, allowing cancer cells to evade the immune system. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling: They secrete enzymes that break down the extracellular matrix, facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis.