Oncogenes and tumor suppressors play opposing roles in cell growth regulation.
1. Oncogenes: These are mutated forms of proto-oncogenes, which typically promote cell growth and division. Common examples include the HER2, Ras, and Myc genes. Mutations or overexpression of these genes can lead to continuous cell proliferation. 2. Tumor Suppressors: These genes help maintain genomic stability and prevent uncontrolled cell growth. Notable examples are p53, RB1, and BRCA1/2. Loss-of-function mutations in these genes remove critical growth-inhibitory signals, facilitating cancer development.
