The working principle of sonosensitizers is based on their ability to absorb ultrasonic energy and convert it into chemical energy. When the sonosensitizers are exposed to ultrasound, they undergo a series of reactions that produce ROS such as singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide. These ROS can inflict oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids within cancer cells, thus triggering apoptosis or necrosis.
