Benzo[a]pyrene is a pro-carcinogen, which means it becomes carcinogenic after being metabolized by enzymes in the body. The cytochrome P450 enzymes convert benzo[a]pyrene into benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE), a highly reactive compound. BPDE can bind to DNA, forming DNA adducts that lead to mutations if not repaired correctly. These mutations can disrupt normal cellular processes and contribute to the onset of cancer.
