ICD typically occurs through a series of well-orchestrated events. Initially, stress signals on the surface of dying cancer cells, such as calreticulin, are exposed. These signals act as "eat-me" signals for dendritic cells and other antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Subsequently, the dying cells release DAMPs, including ATP and HMGB1, which further stimulate the immune system. These DAMPs bind to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on APCs, leading to their activation and maturation.
