In normal cells, PI3K is activated by various upstream signals, including growth factors, cytokines, and other extracellular signals. Once activated, PI3K phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) to generate phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3). This action recruits and activates AKT, leading to the activation of downstream targets involved in cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism.
