Early detection of cancer in PSC patients typically involves a combination of imaging studies, such as ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans, and blood tests including tumor markers like CA 19-9 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Endoscopic procedures, such as ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), may also be employed to obtain biopsies and evaluate bile ducts for the presence of malignancy.
