Cancer can cause pharyngeal dysphagia through several mechanisms. Tumors in the pharyngeal area can physically obstruct the passage of food and liquids. Additionally, cancer treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy can damage the structures and nerves involved in swallowing, leading to dysphagia. For instance, [radiation therapy]() can cause fibrosis and scarring, which can limit the mobility of the pharyngeal muscles.
