Several approaches are being utilized to achieve enhanced physiological relevance:
3D Cell Cultures: These models offer a more realistic architecture of tumor tissues compared to traditional 2D cultures. Organoids: Derived from patient tissues, organoids replicate the complexity of human tumors, including cellular diversity and microenvironmental factors. Patient-Derived Xenografts (PDX): Tumor samples from patients are implanted into immunocompromised mice, providing a more accurate representation of human cancer. Microfluidic Devices: Also known as "tumor-on-a-chip," these devices can simulate the physical and chemical conditions of the cancer microenvironment.
