Cancer is often associated with altered iron metabolism, which is partly mediated by changes in hepcidin levels. Tumor cells require significant amounts of iron to proliferate, and they can manipulate hepcidin expression to meet their needs. Elevated hepcidin levels in cancer patients can lead to anemia, commonly referred to as anemia of chronic disease (ACD) or anemia of inflammation (AI). Conversely, low hepcidin levels can enhance iron availability, potentially fueling tumor growth.
