The connection between infectious mononucleosis and cancer primarily revolves around the role of the Epstein-Barr virus. EBV is known to be associated with several types of cancers, including Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. While the majority of individuals infected with EBV will not develop cancer, those with compromised immune systems or genetic predispositions may be at higher risk.