1. Imaging Tests: CT scans, MRIs, and PET scans can visualize the extent of organ damage. 2. Biopsies: Tissue samples can confirm the presence and type of cancer. 3. Blood Tests: Markers such as liver enzymes, calcium levels, and renal function tests can indicate organ damage. 4. Functional Tests: Pulmonary function tests for the lungs or neurological exams for brain function.