1. PD-1/PD-L1: Immune checkpoint inhibitors that have revolutionized cancer therapy by unleashing the immune system to attack cancer cells. 2. KRAS Mutations: Previously considered "undruggable," recent advancements have led to the development of inhibitors targeting specific KRAS mutations. 3. BRAF Mutations: Targeted therapies like vemurafenib and dabrafenib have shown effectiveness in treating cancers with BRAF mutations, such as melanoma. 4. PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway: Targeting this pathway can disrupt cancer cell growth and metabolism, offering new treatment avenues for various cancers. 5. Epigenetic Modifiers: Drugs targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are being explored to reverse abnormal gene expression in cancer cells.
