The mTOR pathway consists of two distinct complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 is sensitive to rapamycin and regulates cell growth by promoting protein synthesis and inhibiting autophagy. mTORC2, on the other hand, is involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell survival. Key components include mTOR, Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR), Rictor (rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR), and downstream effectors such as S6K and 4E-BP1.
