What are the Key Components of the Tumor Microenvironment?
The TME includes a diverse array of cellular and non-cellular components:
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs): These cells promote tumor growth and invasion by secreting growth factors and remodeling the extracellular matrix. Immune cells: Various immune cells, including T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells, can either promote or inhibit tumor progression depending on their state of activation and the signals they receive. Blood vessels: Tumors require a blood supply for growth, and the process of angiogenesis is critical for providing nutrients and oxygen to the tumor. Extracellular matrix (ECM): The ECM provides structural support and can influence cell behavior through biochemical and mechanical signals. Signaling molecules: Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors within the TME regulate cellular interactions and behavior.
