Basic Research: Scientists conduct laboratory experiments to identify potential targets for cancer treatment, such as specific proteins or genes involved in cancer growth.
Preclinical Studies: Researchers test the identified targets or compounds in cell cultures and animal models to evaluate their effects on cancer cells.
Translational Research: This phase involves developing potential therapies based on preclinical findings and preparing them for clinical testing.
Clinical Trials: New treatments are tested in humans through a series of clinical trials, starting with Phase I (safety) and progressing to Phase II (efficacy) and Phase III (comparison with standard treatments).
Regulatory Approval: Successful clinical trials lead to regulatory approval by agencies such as the
FDA, allowing the new treatment to be marketed and used in clinical practice.
Clinical Implementation: Once approved, the new therapy is integrated into clinical practice, and ongoing research continues to optimize its use and monitor long-term effects.