The primary components of R&D costs in cancer research include:
1. Basic Research: This initial phase involves understanding the biology of cancer, identifying potential targets, and developing initial compounds. It requires sophisticated laboratory equipment and highly trained researchers. 2. Preclinical Studies: Before human trials, potential treatments are tested in vitro (in the lab) and in vivo (in animal models) to assess their safety and efficacy. 3. Clinical Trials: This is one of the most expensive stages, involving Phase I, II, and III trials to test the treatment in humans. Each phase requires more participants and resources, with Phase III often involving thousands of patients. 4. Regulatory Approval: Securing approval from regulatory bodies such as the FDA involves rigorous documentation, additional studies, and compliance with stringent guidelines.
