What are the Methods for Monitoring Cancer Progression?
Several techniques are employed to monitor cancer progression, each offering unique insights into the disease's status:
Imaging Techniques: Common imaging methods include CT scans, MRI, PET scans, and X-rays. These techniques provide visual evidence of tumor size, location, and spread. Biomarkers: Biomarkers are biological molecules found in blood, other body fluids, or tissues. Examples include PSA for prostate cancer and CA-125 for ovarian cancer. Tracking these markers can help in assessing response to treatment. Biopsies: A biopsy involves the removal of tissue for examination. This can be done through various methods such as needle biopsy, surgical biopsy, or liquid biopsy. It provides direct evidence of cancer cells and their characteristics. Blood Tests: Blood tests can detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and other relevant factors like elevated levels of specific proteins or enzymes that indicate cancer activity. Physical Exams: Regular physical exams by healthcare providers can help detect changes in physical symptoms or new lumps that might indicate progression.